Catégorie: "Schémas"
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Random photo
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Nouvelles transitions
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En gardant les mêmes notations qu'à l'article transitions, la nouvelle table de vérité est la suivante :
| Entrées | Sorties | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 | Q1 | Q0 | I | PBT | PHT | C15 | C255 | Q'2 | Q'1 | Q'0 | J2 | K2 | J1 | K1 | J0 | K0 |
| X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
| 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | X | X | 1 | X | |||||||
| 1 | X | X | X | X | 0 | X | X | X | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | 1 | X | X | X | 1 | X | X | X | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | X | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | X | X | 1 | |||||
| 1 | X | X | X | X | 0 | X | X | 1 | X | |||||||
| 1 | 1 | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | X | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | X | X | X | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | X | |||||
| 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | ||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | ||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | X | 1 | |||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | X | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | X | ||||
| 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | X | |||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | X | X | X | |||||||
| 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | X | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | X | X | X | 1 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | X | X | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | ||||||||
| 1 | 1 | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | X | 1 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | X | 1 | ||||
| 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | X | |||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | |||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | X | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | ||||
Tab. 1 : table de vérité du nouvel automate
Contrairement à la première table de vérité, les entrées J et K des bascules utilisent maintenant des états indifférents notés « X » qui devraient simplifier d'autant la synthèse du circuit logique.
Nouvel automate à états finis
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Une nouvelle transition permet de rallumer la haute tension dans la phase d'extinction lorsque la basse tension est encore présente. Un nouvel état appelé « défaut ext » permet de maintenir le voyant « défaut » allumé en cas de défaillance du système lors de son extinction. Pour réinitialiser l'automate, il faut faire un va-et-vient du bouton marche/arrêt.
Fig. 1 : nouvel automate à états finis (la même en grand)
Les nouveaux tableaux de Karnaugh sont donc les suivants :
| Q2 | Q1Q0 | |||
| 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Tab. 1 : variable basse tension (B)
B = (Q1+Q0)Q2+Q2Q1
| Q2 | Q1Q0 | |||
| 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 | |
| 1 | ||||
| 1 | 1 | |||
Tab. 2 : variable haute tension (H)
H = Q2Q1Q0+Q2Q0Q1
| Q2 | Q1Q0 | |||
| 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 | |
| 1 | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Tab. 3 : reset compteur (R)
R = Q1Q0+Q2Q1
| Q2 | Q1Q0 | |||
| 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Tab. 4 : défaut (E)
E=Q2Q1
Compte tenu des équations précédentes, la logique reliant les sorties Qi des trois bascules aux quatre sorties de l'automate est la suivante :
Fig. 2 : logique de sortie (la même chose en grand)
Transitions
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Dans l'article précédent figurent les équations de sortie de l'automate. Ce nouvel article explicte les transitions permettant de passer d'un état à un autre. Les sorties Qi des bascules sont conformes à la notation déjà utilisée. Quant aux entrées Ji et Ki, elles correspondent aux bascules de sorties Qi. Les entrées auxiliaires sont notées :
- PBT : présence de toutes les tensions de chauffage ;
- PHT : présence de la haute tension ;
- C15 : compteur valant exactement 15 ;
- C255 : compteur valant exactement 255.
| Entrées | Sorties | ||||||||||||
| Q2 | Q1 | Q0 | I | PBT | PHT | C15 | C255 | J2 | K2 | J1 | K1 | J0 | K0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 0 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | X | X | X | X | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 0 | X | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| 1 | 1 | X | 1 | 1 | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | X | X | X | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Tab. 1 : transitions d'états
Les cases entourées de rouge sont celles correspondant à un défaut de fonctionnement indiqué comme tel. À noter : l'automate est conçu de telle sorte qu'une fois la procédure d'extinction lancée, les alimentations s'arrêtent totalement. Il est envisageable d'ajouter une transition supplémentaire pour éviter l'extiction en cas de réenclenchement du bouton marche/arrêt.
De la même manière, un défaut lors de la phase d'extinction provoque un passage par l'état 111 qui n'est pas maintenu car I vaut zéro. Il est possible d'ajouter un état 110 correspondant à un défaut durant la procédure d'extinction.
Ces deux améliorations feront l'objeet d'un prochain article.
Équations des sorties
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En considérant que les états interne de l'automate sont écrits sous la forme Q2Q1Q0 (cf. tab. 1 de l'article Machine de Moore), les variables de sorties vérifient les tableaux de Karnaugh et les équations suivants. Une variable barrée signifie une inversion de sa valeur logique.
| Q2 | Q1Q0 | |||
| 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | |
Tab. 1 : variable basse tension (B)
B = (Q1+Q0)Q2+Q2Q1
| Q2 | Q1Q0 | |||
| 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 | |
| 1 | ||||
| 1 | 1 | X | ||
Tab. 2 : variable haute tension (H)
H = Q2Q1Q0+Q2Q0
| Q2 | Q1Q0 | |||
| 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 | |
| 1 | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | X | |
Tab. 3 : reset compteur (R)
R = Q1Q0+Q2Q1
| Q2 | Q1Q0 | |||
| 00 | 01 | 11 | 10 | |
| 1 | 1 | X | ||
Tab. 4 : défaut (E)
E=Q2Q1Q0
Compte tenu des équations précédentes, la logique reliant les sorties Qi des trois bascules aux quatre sorties de l'automate est la suivante :
Fig. 1 : logique de sortie (la même chose en plus grand)
À noter : les trois inverseurs présents sur le schéma ne sont pas nécessaires car la plupart des bascules possèdent une sortie inverseuse et une sortie non inverseuse. Je n'ai pas présenté non plus les verrous de sortie permettant de s'affranchir des états transitoires.
Circuit imprimé du régulateur
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Pour limiter les fuites magnétiques, le transformateur utilisé sera un tranformateur torique à un enroulement primaire et deux enroulements secondaires. Le schéma du circuit devient donc :
Fig. 1 : schéma utilisant un transformateur torique à deux enroulements secondaires. Le même en grand.
Il faut ajouter à ce schéma un connecteur de mise à la terre ainsi qu'un plan de masse et une mise à la terre unique de l'axe du transformateur. Le circuit imprimé correspondant à ce schéma devient :
Fig. 2 : PCB du régulateur des tensions de chauffage des filaments. Existe aussi en grand.
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