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Régulation

Régulation

par Le Grincheux  


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Mon emploi du temps est assez chargé et je ne peux passer autant de temps que je le voudrais sur ce projet. Néanmoins, j'ai eu un peu de temps pour achever l'étude de la régulation des tensions des filaments de chauffages.

Afin d'assurer une différence de potentiel correcte entre les filaments et les cathodes, chaque filament, ou groupe de filaments, a sa propre alimentation. Cela implique un transformateur et une régulation par filament ou groupe de filaments.

Ces alimentations sont de deux types, 6,3V 300mA pour les étages d'entrée et 6,3V 1,5A pour les pentodes de sortie. Leur schéma électronique est le suivant :

Fig. 1 : schéma de principe d'une alimentation régulée pour filaments (en grand)

Dans ce schéma, le connecteur 1 est l'entrée 230V courant alternatif. La sortie régulée est le connecteur 3. Le connecteur 2 permet d'imposer un potentiel fixe par rapport à la cathode du tube au travers d'une résistance importante et le connecteur 4 permet à la carte de gestion des alimentations de savoir que la tension de chauffage est bien présente. Si cette tension n'est pas détectée et qu'une haute tension est appliquée sur les tubes, elle doit éteindre la haute tension et indiquer le dysfonctionnement. Nous y reviendrons.

Le principe de cette régulation est simple. Le courant, après être redressé et filtré par les quatre diodes et les deux condensateurs de filtrages passe dans un transistor de ballast monté en Darlington. Le montage Darlington est important pour que le courant de base du transistor Q2 soit négligeable devant le courant traversant R1. En temps normal, Q5 est bloqué.

La résistance R2 évite l'emballement thermique du transistor de ballast. Le transistor Q3 effectue une comparaison entre le potentiel de sa base, ajustable au travers de R5 (boucle de réaction) et la source de tension composée de Q4, Q6, D5, C3 et R7. Il n'est pas possible d'utiliser directement une diode Zener comme source de tension entre l'émetteur de Q3 et la masse. En effet, les tensions d'avalanche de ces petites diodes Zener (ici Vz est compris entre 3 et 4V) dépendent trop du courant traversant la diode pour obtenir une bonne régulation. Pour des diodes de 3V, j'ai mesuré des tensions Zener allant de 2,8V à 3,4V pour des polarisations entre 1mA et 10 mA. Cela fait tout de même beaucoup.

En revanche, en montant une diode Zener à la base d'un Darlington composé sur mon banc de test de deux 2N2907A, le courant de base de Q6 est quasi stable, ce qui stabilise de même la tension aux bornes de D5.

La cellule R6 et Q5 forme un limiteur de courant. Si le courant passant dans R6 provoque une différence de potentiel supérieure à la tension de déchet de la diode base-émetteur de Q5, celui-ci se met à conduire, écroulant du même coup la tension à la base de Q2 jusqu'à limiter le courant à une valeur fixée par R6.

Cette alimentation régulée vient de passer quelques jours d'epreuve en débitant ses 300mA dans une résistance de puissance. Muni d'un radiateur assez peu performant, le seul que j'avais sous la main, le ballast (un BD711 en boîtier TO220) doit être aux alentours de 45 à 50°C. Pas de quoi se brûler. Avec une sortie en court-circuit franc, il ne chauffe guère plus. Autant dire qu'avec un bon radiateur, cette alimentation sera parfaite pour ce que je vais lui demander.

Catégories: Schémas
 12.09.13 16:37,

Aucun commentaire pour le moment


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Formulaire en cours de chargement...


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